Four methods, some of which have been developed for North Rhine-Westphalia, are available in SPRING to take average groundwater recharge rates into account:

• Recharge calculation according to Schroeder and Wyrwich, originally developed for the Münsterland [Schroeder and Wyrwich (1990): "Eine in Nordrheinwestfalen angewendete Methode zur flächendifferenzierten Ermittlung der Grundwasserneubildung" - Deutsche Gewässerkundliche Mitteilungen, 34, Koblenz 1990.]

• Method for calculating groundwater recharge according to Messer, originally developed for the Emscher region [Messer (2008): "Ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Berechnung der flächendifferenzierten Grundwasserneubildung in Mitteleuropa"]

• Calculation of recharge using the soil water balance method

• Calculation of groundwater recharge using the RUBINFLUX method

The element-by-element calculation of the groundwater recharge is carried out in SPRING via the menu item Attributes Compute... Groundwater recharge...

Calculation of groundwater recharge according to Schroeder and Wyrwich